音素

プリャンナには240の子音、21の母音(二重母音を含めると音韻としては45の母音)がある。

子音

平音

無声 有声 無声有気 有声有気 放出 入破 無声吸着 有声吸着
 mh
[m̥]
 m
[m]
- - - - -  m!
[ŋ͡ʘ]
 nh
[n̥]
 n
[n]
- - - - -  n!
[ŋ͡ʘ]
 ṇh
[ɳ̥]
 ṇ
[ɳ]
- - - - - -
 qh
[ŋ̥]
 q
[ŋ]
- - - - - -
 p
[p]
 b
[b]
 ph
[pʰ]
 bh
[bʱ]
 p’
[pʼ]
 b’
[ɓ]
 p!
[k͡ʘ]
 b!
[ɡ͡ʘ]
 t
[t]
 d
[d]
 th
[tʰ]
 dh
[dʱ]
 t’
[tʼ]
 d’
[ɗ]
 t!
[k͡ǃ]
 d!
[ɡ͡ǃ]
 ṭ
[ʈ]
 ḍ
[ɖ]
 ṭh
[ʈʰ]
 ḍh
[ɖʱ]
 ṭ’
[ʈʼ]
 ḍ’
[ᶑ]
- -
 k
[k]
 g
[g]
 kh
[kʰ]
 gh
[gʱ]
 k’
[kʼ]
 g’
[ɠ]
- -
 p̌
[p̪͡f]
 b̌
[b̪͡v]
 p̌h
[p̪͡fʰ]
 b̌h
[b̪͡vʱ]
- - - -
 č
[t͡s]
 c
[d͡z]
 čh
[t͡sʰ]
 ch
[d͡zʱ]
- - - -
 č̣
[ʈ͡ʂ]
 c̣
[ɖ͡ʐ]
 č̣h
[ʈ͡ʂʰ]
 c̣h
[ɖ͡ʐʱ]
- - - -
 ǩ
[k͡x]
 ǧ
[ɡ͡ɣ]
 ǩh
[k͡xʰ]
 ǧh
[ɡ͡ɣʱ]
- - - -
 f
[f]
 v
[v]
- -  f’
[fʼ]
- - -
 s
[s]
 z
[z]
- -  s’
[sʼ]
- - -
 ṣ
[ʂ]
 ẓ
[ʐ]
- -  ṣ’
[ʂʼ]
- - -
 ḫ
[x]
 x
[ɣ]
- -  ḫ’
[xʼ]
- - -
 pr
[ʙ̥]
 br
[ʙ]
- - - - - -
 rh
[r̥]
 r
[r]
- - - - - -
 lh
[l̥]
 l
[l]
- - - - - -
 jh
[ɬ]
 j
[ɮ]
- - - - - -
 kr
[ʀ̥]
 gr
[ʀ]
- - - - - -
 h
[h]
- - - - - - -

拗音

無声 有声 無声有気 有声有気 放出 入破 無声吸着 有声吸着
-  y
[j]
- - - - - -
 mhy
[m̥ʲ]
 my
[mʲ]
- - - - -  m!y
[ŋ͡ʘʲ]
 nhy
[n̥ʲ]
 ny
[nʲ]
- - - - -  n!y
[ŋ͡ʘʲ]
 ṇhy
[ɳ̥ʲ]
 ṇy
[ɳʲ]
- - - - - -
 qhy
[ŋ̥ʲ]
 qy
[ŋʲ]
- - - - - -
 py
[pʲ]
 by
[bʲ]
 phy
[pʰʲ]
 bhy
[bʱʲ]
 p’y
[pʼʲ]
 b’y
[ɓʲ]
 p!y
[k͡ʘʲ]
 b!y
[ɡ͡ʘʲ]
 ty
[tʲ]
 dy
[dʲ]
 thy
[tʰʲ]
 dhy
[dʱʲ]
 t’y
[tʼʲ]
 d’y
[ɗʲ]
 t!y
[k͡ǃʲ]
 d!y
[ɡ͡ǃʲ]
 ṭy
[ʈʲ]
 ḍy
[ɖʲ]
 ṭhy
[ʈʰʲ]
 ḍhy
[ɖʱʲ]
 ṭ’y
[ʈʼʲ]
 ḍ’y
[ᶑʲ]
- -
 ky
[kʲ]
 gy
[gʲ]
 khy
[kʰʲ]
 ghy
[gʱʲ]
 k’y
[kʼʲ]
 g’y
[ɠʲ]
- -
 p̌y
[p̪͡f]
 b̌y
[b̪͡v]
 p̌hy
[p̪͡fʰʲ]
 b̌hy
[b̪͡vʱʲ]
- - - -
 čy
[t͡sʲ]
 cy
[d͡zʲ]
 čhy
[t͡sʰʲ]
 chy
[d͡zʱʲ]
- - - -
 č̣y
[ʈ͡ʂʲ]
 c̣y
[ɖ͡ʐʲ]
 č̣hy
[ʈ͡ʂʰʲ]
 c̣hy
[ɖ͡ʐʱʲ]
- - - -
 ǩy
[k͡xʲ]
 ǧy
[ɡ͡ɣʲ]
 ǩhy
[k͡xʰʲ]
 ǧhy
[ɡ͡ɣʱʲ]
- - - -
 fy
[fʲ]
 vy
[vʲ]
- -  f’y
[fʼʲ]
- - -
 sy
[sʲ]
 zy
[zʲ]
- -  s’y
[sʼʲ]
- - -
 ṣy
[ʂʲ]
 ẓy
[ʐʲ]
- -  ṣ’y
[ʂʼʲ]
- - -
 ḫy
[xʲ]
 xy
[ɣʲ]
- -  ḫ’y
[xʼʲ]
- - -
 pry
[ʙ̥ʲ]
 bry
[ʙʲ]
- - - - - -
 rhy
[r̥ʲ]
 ry
[rʲ]
- - - - - -
 lhy
[l̥ʲ]
 ly
[lʲ]
- - - - - -
 jhy
[ɬʲ]
 jy
[ɮʲ]
- - - - - -
 kry
[ʀ̥ʲ]
 gry
[ʀʲ]
- - - - - -
 hy
[ç]
- - - - - - -

半拗音

無声 有声 無声有気 有声有気 放出 入破 無声吸着 有声吸着
-  w
[w]
- - - - - -
 mhw
[m̥ʷ]
 mw
[mʷ]
- - - - -  m!w
[ŋ͡ʘʷ]
 nhw
[n̥ʷ]
 nw
[nʷ]
- - - - -  n!w
[ŋ͡ʘʷ]
 ṇhw
[ɳ̥ʷ]
 ṇw
[ɳʷ]
- - - - - -
 qhw
[ŋ̥ʷ]
 qw
[ŋʷ]
- - - - - -
 pw
[pʷ]
 bw
[bʷ]
 phw
[pʰʷ]
 bhw
[bʱʷ]
 p’w
[pʼʷ]
 b’w
[ɓʷ]
 p!w
[k͡ʘʷ]
 b!w
[ɡ͡ʘʷ]
 tw
[tʷ]
 dw
[dʷ]
 thw
[tʰʷ]
 dhw
[dʱʷ]
 t’w
[tʼʷ]
 d’w
[ɗʷ]
 t!w
[k͡ǃʷ]
 d!w
[ɡ͡ǃʷ]
 ṭw
[ʈʷ]
 ḍw
[ɖʷ]
 ṭhw
[ʈʰʷ]
 ḍhw
[ɖʱʷ]
 ṭ’w
[ʈʼʷ]
 ḍ’w
[ᶑ\ʷ]
- -
 kw
[kʷ]
 gw
[gʷ]
 khw
[kʰʷ]
 ghw
[gʱʷ]
 k’w
[kʼʷ]
 g’w
[ɠʷ]
- -
 p̌w
[p̪͡fʷ]
 b̌w
[b̪͡vʷ]
 p̌hw
[p̪͡fʰʷ]
 b̌hw
[b̪͡vʱʷ]
- - - -
 čw
[t͡sʷ]
 cw
[d͡zʷ]
 čhw
[t͡sʰʷ]
 chw
[d͡zʱʷ]
- - - -
 č̣w
[ʈ͡ʂʷ]
 c̣w
[ɖ͡ʐʷ]
 č̣hw
[ʈ͡ʂʰʷ]
 c̣hw
[ɖ͡ʐʱʷ]
- - - -
 ǩw
[k͡xʷ]
 ǧw
[ɡ͡ɣʷ]
 ǩhw
[k͡xʰʷ]
 ǧhw
[ɡ͡ɣʱʷ]
- - - -
 fw
[fʷ]
 vw
[vʷ]
- -  f’w
[fʼʷ]
- - -
 sw
[sʷ]
 zw
[zʷ]
- -  s’w
[sʼʷ]
- - -
 ṣw
[ʂʷ]
 ẓw
[ʐʷ]
- -  ṣ’w
[ʂʼʷ]
- - -
 ḫw
[xʷ]
 xw
[ɣʷ]
- -  ḫ’w
[xʼʷ]
- - -
 prw
[ʙ̥ʷ]
 brw
[ʙʷ]
- - - - - -
 rhw
[r̥ʷ]
 rw
[rʷ]
- - - - - -
 lhw
[l̥ʷ]
 lw
[lʷ]
- - - - - -
 jhw
[ɬʷ]
 jw
[ɮʷ]
- - - - - -
 krw
[ʀ̥ʷ]
 grw
[ʀʷ]
- - - - - -
 hw
[hʷ]
- - - - - - -

母音

単母音

平音 鼻音 咽頭音
 i
[i]
 ĩ
[ĩ]
 ï
[i̙]
 e
[e]
 ẽ
[ẽ]
 ë
[e̙]
 æ
[æ]
 æ̃
[æ̃]
 æ̈
[æ̙]
 a
[a]
 ã
[ã]
 ä
[a̙]
 ø
[ɔ]
 ø̃
[ɔ̃]
 ø̈
[ɔ̙]
 o
[o]
 õ
[õ]
 ö
[o̙]
 u
[u]
 ũ
[ũ]
 ü
[u̙]

重母音

重母音は /ei, eu, ai, au, oi, ou, æo, ɔe/ とその鼻音化、咽頭化音の計24個ある。

平音 鼻音 咽頭音
 ei
[ei]
 eĩ
[eĩ]
 eï
[ei̙]
 eu
[eu]
 eũ
[eũ]
 eü
[eu̙]
 ai
[ai]
 aĩ
[aĩ]
 aï
[ai̙]
 au
[au]
 aũ
[aũ]
 aü
[au̙]
 oi
[oi]
 oĩ
[oĩ]
 oï
[oi̙]
 ou
[ou]
 oũ
[oũ]
 oü
[ou̙]
 æo
[æo]
 æõ
[æõ]
 æö
[æo̙]
 øe
[ɔe]
 øẽ
[ɔẽ]
 øë
[ɔe̙]